The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs in the body that work together to defend against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. It is essential for protecting the body from infections and diseases. The immune system can be divided into two main components: the innate immune system, which provides immediate, non-specific defense mechanisms, and the adaptive immune system, which offers a specific response to particular pathogens and retains memory of those pathogens for faster responses upon future encounters. Key players in the immune system include white blood cells (such as lymphocytes and phagocytes), antibodies, and various signaling molecules like cytokines. The immune system not only identifies and eliminates harmful invaders but also distinguishes between self and non-self, helping to prevent autoimmune diseases where the body mistakenly attacks its own cells. Overall, the immune system is vital for maintaining health and ensuring survival against infectious threats.
Health officials in Staffordshire are urging immediate vaccination amid a surge of Covid-19, flu, norovirus, and RSV cases. Dr. Paul Edmondson-Jones emphasizes vaccinations as the best defense against severe illness…